Urinary Tract Infections ( UTIs)

what is Urinary Tracts Infections ?


- Urinary Tract Infections is infection in any part of urinary system, which includes kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra.urinary tract infections are caused by microbes such as bacteria overcoming the body's defenses in the urinary tract.
- They can be divided into the upper urinary tract and lower urinary tract. The upper urinary tract consists of the kidneys and the ureters, and the lower urinary tract consists of the bladder and the urethra.

Symptoms: 


  • Pain in back or lower abdomen
  • Feeling tired 
  • Fever 
  • Cloudy, dark. strange smelling or bloody pee
  • Burning feeling during pee
  • Nausea and vomiting 
  • Strong and frequent urge to urinate

Risk Factors 

  • Poor Personal hygiene
  • Bowel incontinence
  • Blocked flow of urine
  • Kidney stones
  • Diabetes
  • Menopause 
  • Suppressed immune system
  • Sexual intercourse, especially if more frequent, intense and with  multiple or new partners

Causes 


   Urinary Tract Infections are caused by bacterium Escherichia coli ( E. coli )


Complications:

Most UTIs are not serious, but some can lead to serious problems, particularly with  
upper UTIs. Long lasting kidney infections can cause permanent damage.


Prevention

  • Keep genital area clean.

  • Urinate shortly after sex.
  • Drink lots of water and urinate frequently.
  • Avoid using a diaphragm or spermicide for birth control
  • Showers are preferred to baths and avoid using oils
  • Avoid using any perfumed products in the genital area
  • Wipe from front to back after urinating and bowel movement
  • Avoid fluids such as alcohol and caffeine that can irritate the bladder

Test and Diagnosis

  • X-ray , MRIs, CT scans or ultrasound 
  • Blood tests
  • Intravenous pyelogram, X- ray test that uses dye 
  • Cystoscopy

Treatments


UTIs are caused by bacteria, they are most commonly treated with antibiotics or antimicrobial. 
uncomplicated UTI :- Occurs in an otherwise healthy person with a normal clear urinary tract. They can usually be cured with 2 - 3 days of treatments.
Complicated UTI:-Occurs in a person who is weakened by another condition such as pregnancy or heart transplant. Complicated UTIs tend to require longer periods of antibiotics, usually between 7 to 14 days.

Drugs commonly recommended for simple UTIs 

  • Ceftriaxone
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Fosfomycin
  • Trimethoprim
  • Sulfamethoxazole
  • Ofloxacin







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